Shot BAG Impact Test
E-1 Objective
The shot bag impact test addresses the capability of glass rails, guards, and balustrades in one, two, three and four sided support systems to continue in their function as a barrier by remaining in the designed framing system after impact or glass breakage.
E-1.1 Glazing Retention
The property of maintaining the glass or glazing material, post breakage, in a system, such that the glass is held in the framing system with no opening sufficient to pass a 75 mm solid steel sphere through the system using a horizontally applied force of 18 N.
E-2 Apparatus
E-2.1 Instrumentation
Load and time-measuring devices with an accuracy of
62 percent or the full scale shall be incorporated in the test setups. The scale ranges used shall assure that the performance levels are within an accuracy of 65 percent.
E-2.2 Load Attachments
Brackets, fasteners, or other devices used in performing these tests shall be designed and attached so as to minimise their influence on the test results.
E-2.3 Shot Bag, Traction and Release System
The test apparatus shall be capable of supporting a 45.4 kg shot bag and allowing unimpeded swinging of the shot bag from a drop height of 1 220 mm. The impactor system consists of the impactor, traction, release, and suspension devices. The impactor shall consist of the leather bag described in Fig. 17, a commercial punching bag with its bladder left in place,
FIG. 17 SHOT BAG IMPACTOR
PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN — SECTION 8 GLASS AND GLAZING
or any other leather bag of nominally identical shape and size. The bag shall be filled with lead shot of mm diameter and taped. After filling with lead shot, the top shall be either pulled over the metal sleeve and tied with a cord; or twisted around the threaded eyebolt shaft and tied below the metal sleeve, or both. To reduce bag damage during testing, the exterior of the leather bag surface shall be completely covered with glass filament reinforced pressure sensitive polyester adhesive tape, 12 to 15 mm in width and 0.15 mm thick. Tape the entire bag, using three rolls or 165 m total length, and taping in a diagonal overlapping manner. Tape the neck of the bag separately, with additional glass filament reinforced tape of the same kind. The total mass of the impactor assembly shall be kg excluding traction system attachments. A traction system shall be used which enables the impactor to be brought into its launch position. The launch position depends on the drop height selected. The traction cable shall be connected to the impactor traction system by a release mechanism, with provisions for rotating the impactor.
E-3.1 Procedure
Any protective masking or decorative components shall be removed from the glazing material. To position the impactor at the selected drop height, a traction force shall be applied to raise the impactor such that the axis of the impactor shall be aligned with the suspension cable, with the cable remaining taut. To ensure this, the top and bottom ends of the impactor shall be connected to the release device by a suitable link. To reduce bag deformation during testing, the bag shall be rotated about the axis of its suspension device before each specimen or sample set, by no less than , and by no more than . To reduce bag damage during testing, a thin homogeneous or non-woven plastic film no more than 0.13 mm thick or a loosely draped woven cloth towel weighing no more than 0.005 kPa shall be permitted to be suspended vertically from its top edge directly in front of the surface of the specimen at a distance no more than 10 mm. When at rest the maximum diameter of the impactor shall be located no more than 12 mm from the surface of the specimen and
no more than 50 mm from the centre of the specimen. The impactor shall be suspended from an overhead support, located so when at rest, it will, at its maximum diameter, be no more than 12 mm from the surface of the specimens and no more than 50 mm from the centre of the specimen. Raise the impactor to the required height (460 or 1 220 mm) and stabilize it. The suspension device shall be taut and the axes of the impactor and cable shall be aligned. The impactor, stabilized in the launch position in a vertical plane normal to the test specimen, shall be released and falls without initial velocity or axial rotation. One impact with a force of 1.8 kN shall occur on each glazing configuration of the test specimen. Each test specimen shall be inspected after each impact and report condition of specimen.
E-3.2 Reporting of Results
Impact performance shall be classified as: (a) unbroken, (b) broken and retained, or (c) infill broken and not retained (see Fig. 18). Retention of the product in the frame is based on the definition of glazing retention given in E-1.1.
FIG. 18 GLAZING RETENTION
Performance Tests for Glazing System
F-1 The following enlists the performance tests for glazing systems. The test specimen size and direction facing the pressurised chamber shall be mutually agreed to between the parties concerned or specified without ambiguities in the tender documents.
F-2 AIR Infiltration/exfiltration Test
Permissible air leakages shall be for fix area and for crack length of operable panel. The crack length is the maximum height of the shutter per interlock or per meeting stile in a slider or per overlap joint in a double leaf door or vent, in addition to the jambs. Along the width, crack length is the maximum width of the shutter at top and bottom. All operable panels shall be opened and closed 5 times prior to commencement of test.
F-3 Static and Dynamic Water Penetration Test
If water is observed in the operable vent drainage path and the same is drained through slots after the spray is stopped it shall be considered as pass. Any water on the top surface of any exposed interior shall be considered as leakage. For sliders, only water overflowing to the interior is considered as failure. In case of leakage the remedy needs to be carried out and the retest shall be conducted. The rate of water spray shall be 3.4 litre/min.m² for a period of 15 min. The spray shall be located at a distance of 400 mm from the glass and 700 mm centre-to-centre horizontally and vertically. The pressure differential up to 35 m height shall be 300 Pa, beyond 35 m up to 70 m shall be 450 Pa and beyond 70 m shall be 600 Pa.
1 Cyclic water penetration is optional and the parameters are to be agreed mutually between the relevant stakeholders. However, cyclic water penetration is not applicable to sliding doors and windows.
2 Between each test, water should be drained and if required pressure applied for a period of to flush out the
water from the system. There should also be a minimum of at zero pressure between tests.
F-4 Structural Load Test (100 Percent Design Wind Load)
The deflection criteria of glass and framing members shall be as specified in 6.3.6.2.
No damage or harmful permanent deformation of any parts except sealing materials shall be found at the maximum testing pressure. Residual displacement of structural member shall not exceed span/1 000. The slippage at supports and fixing shall not exceed 1 mm.
F-5 Seismic Racking Test
Criteria shall be the movement of the sub-structure in the horizontal (+/-) directions. Optional testing for vertical movements (+/-) shall be based on sub-structure movement to accommodate live load, long term creep, column shortening and thermal elongation or contraction. No glass breakage or fall out is allowed. Any damage shall be easily reparable without any part replacements required. No wall component fallout is allowed.
F-6 Building Maintenance Unit (BMU) Pull Out Test (when Applicable)
A tensile load of minimum shall be applied on the BMU restraint in the following directions:
a) Horizontally to the right and held for a period of 1 min.
b) Horizontally to the left and held for a period of 1 min.
c) Vertically upward and held for a period of 1 min.
d) Vertically downward and held for a period of 1 min.
After each step the BMU restrain should not fail or have permanent deformation.
NOTE — If the load on the BMU restraints required by the BMU supplier is higher, the higher load shall apply.
F-7 Operating Forces Test (optional)
Maximum force required to initiate opening of a sliding door is 180 N and the maximum force to maintain the motion of a sliding door or window is 115 N. For a projected top hung or parallel open vent the maximum force to maintain motion is 135 N.
PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN — SECTION 8 GLASS AND GLAZING
F-8 STRUCTURAL PROOF LOAD TEST (150 PERCENT DESIGN WIND LOAD AND SEISMIC FORCE, IF APPLICABLE)
Under proof load test there shall be no collapse which means any one or any combination of the following:
a) Dislodgement of any glass.
b) Dislodgement of any frame, panel or any component thereof.
c) Failure of any fixing that connect the façade
to the building structure, such that the test sample is unstable.
d) Failure of any stop, locking device, fastener or support which may allow an opening light to come through.
The permanent deformation in framing members in excess of span/1 000 is not permissible and considered as failure.
NOTE — For on-site testing, the parameters shall be tested for two/third of the laboratory values.